The Dresden Zwinger Дрезден Цвингер

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27.07.2025, 01:33
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The Dresden Zwinger Дрезден Цвингер, photo number 2
The Dresden Zwinger Дрезден Цвингер, photo number 3
DescriptionAll photos of the lot 2
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paper
бумага
Condition:
In the photo
на фото
Restoration:
No
нет
Defects:
visible in the photo
видны на фото
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Location:
Ukraine, Vinnytsia oblast, Kalinovka
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Cash payment, PrivatBank
Sending lot to:
Ukraine,The whole world
Delivery:
Nova Poshta, Ukrposhta, Personal meeting Kalinovka (according to the current legislation of the seller's country of residence).
Description:
Zwinger (German Zwinger - "trap, cage", from German Zwinge - vice) is an architectural complex of palace buildings in Dresden, the capital of Saxony. Built in the South German Baroque style. It is located in the northwestern part of the "Inner Old City" (German: Inner Old City). Innere Altstadt). Zwinger is a medieval fortification term meaning the space between bastions converging at an acute angle. Another option: a narrow space between the outer and inner fortress walls of the type of the ancient Greek Dipylon gate. Once in such a space, the enemy was trapped under the crossfire of the bastions[1].
Currently, Zwinger's buildings are occupied by museums, including: the Physics and Mathematics Salon, the Porcelain Collection, the Sculpture Collection and the Dresden Art Gallery, the official name: the Gallery of Old Masters (in German: Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister) [2].
History
In 1709, the Elector of Saxony Augustus II the Strong (Frederick Augustus I of Saxony) and King Augustus II of Poland decided to turn the old fortress of Dresden into a luxurious palace with a park, fountains and greenhouses. Prior to that, there was already a royal garden (Zwingergarten) nearby, and a wooden greenhouse for growing citrus fruits was built between the fortress walls. Architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann proposed a project involving the reconstruction of the fortress walls into a closed square: a two-story gallery with arcades on the ground floor, corner pavilions and a walking terrace with a balustrade, flowerpots and statues of the upper tier. Inside there was a large open-air stage area, and from the upper terraces the audience could watch what was happening. Construction work began in 1715.
The rebuilt Zwinger became a favorite backdrop for court celebrations, fireworks and theatrical performances (Elector August especially appreciated Italian theater and opera). In 1729, Pöppelmann produced a series of 22 copper engravings commemorating Zwinger's festivities. Views of Zwinger in the XVIII century were captured in pictorial vedutas, who worked in 1747-1752 in Dresden, the Venetian painter Bernardo Bellotto. These paintings are exhibited in the halls of the first floor of the Old Master Gallery with windows opening onto the Zwinger Gardens.
The northeastern part of Zwinger remained unfinished for a long time (it was closed by a temporary wall), as it was planned to create a front façade facing the Elbe embankment. The subsequent project involved the creation of seven spacious courtyards, of which Zwinger himself would be only the first. Thus, it was supposed to create the most luxurious residence in Central Europe. Presumably, by 1726, a huge sum of 900,000 thalers was spent on the construction of the Zwinger [3].
The Zwinger was officially opened in 1719 on the occasion of the wedding of Prince Frederick Augustus II to the daughter of the Habsburg Emperor, Archduchess Maria Joseph of Austria.
Цвингер (нем. Zwinger — «ловушка, клетка», от нем. Zwinge — тиски) — архитектурный комплекс дворцовых зданий в Дрездене, столице Саксонии. Построен в стиле южногерманского барокко. Расположен в северо-западной части «Внутреннего старого города» (нем. Innere Altstadt). Цвингер — средневековый фортификационный термин, означающий пространство между бастионами, сходящимися под острым углом. Иной вариант: узкое пространство между внешней и внутренней крепостными стенами типа древнегреческих дипилонских ворот. Попадая в такое пространство, враг оказывался зажатым в ловушке под перекрёстным огнём бастионов[1]. В настоящее время здания Цвингера занимают музеи, среди которых: Физико-математический салон, Собрание фарфора, скульптурное собрание и Дрезденская картинная галерея, официальное название: Галерея старых мастеров (нем. Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister)[2]. История В 1709 году курфюрст саксонский Август II Сильный (Фридрих Август I Саксонский) и король Польский Август II решил превратить старую крепость Дрездена в роскошный дворец с парком, фонтанами и оранжереями. До этого рядом уже существовал королевский сад (Zwingergarten), а деревянная оранжерея для выращивания цитрусовых была встроена между крепостными стенами. Архитектор Маттеус Даниель Пёппельман предложил проект, предполагающий перестройку крепостных стен в замкнутое каре: двухэтажную галерею с аркадами первого этажа, угловыми павильонами и прогулочной террасой с балюстрадой, вазонами и статуями верхнего яруса. Внутри возникала большая сценическая площадка под открытым небом, а с верхних террас зрители могли наблюдать за происходящим. Строительные работы начались в 1715 году. Перестроенный Цвингер стал излюбленной декорацией для проведения придворных праздников, фейерверков и театральных представлений (курфюрст Август особенно ценил итальянский театр и оперу). В 1729 году Пёппельман выпустил серию из 22 гравюр по меди, посвящённых празднествам Цвингера. Виды Цвингера в XVIII веке запечатлел в живописных ведутах, работавший в 1747—1752 годах в Дрездене венецианский живописец Бернардо Беллотто. Эти картины экспонируются в залах первого этажа Галереи старых мастеров с окнами, открывающимися на сады Цвингера. Северо-восточная часть Цвингера долгое время оставалась недостроенной (была закрыта временной стеной), так как планировалось создание парадного фасада, обращённого к набережной Эльбы. Последующий проект предусматривал создание семи просторных дворов, из которых сам Цвингер был бы только первым. Таким образом предполагалось создать самую роскошную резиденцию в Центральной Европе. Предположительно, к 1726 году на строительство Цвингера была затрачена огромная по тем временам сумма в 900 000 талеров[3]. Цвингер был официально открыт в 1719 году по случаю свадьбы принца Фридриха Августа II с дочерью императора Габсбургов, эрцгерцогиней Марией Йозефой Австрийской.
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The Dresden Zwinger Дрезден Цвингер, photo number 2
The Dresden Zwinger Дрезден Цвингер, photo number 3

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SELLERDortmunder20.02.2023, 00:33:20

By this time, the main buildings were erected, but the interior decoration was completed only in 1728. But Elector Augustus III died in 1763 and many ideas remained unrealized. The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756 and the loss of control of Poland by the Wettins put an end to the hegemony of Florence on the Elbe, as Dresden was then called.
Only a century later, the city council decided to build a museum building to house the Augustan collections. The director of the Dresden State Building School, architect Gottfried Semper, proposed a project for a building in the Neo-Renaissance style, closing the Zwinger space. In 1847, the construction of the building began, in 1855 the opening of the museum took place. Zwinger repeatedly suffered from hostilities. The first serious damage was inflicted by the Prussian army during the Seven Years' War. In 1849, almost the entire eastern part of the Zwinger burned down during the revolutionary battles in Dresden. By 1857, some of the buildings were restored, a complete restoration was completed in 1936. During World War II, on February 13-14, 1945, Anglo-American aircraft bombed the center of Dresden, and Zwinger was badly damaged. However, the collection of works of art had previously been evacuated. The restoration of Zwinger began as early as 1945 with the support of the Soviet military administration. Some of the museum halls were opened to the public in 1951. A complete restoration lasted until 1964.

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