The Sun Stone, also known as the Aztec Calendar Stone, is a beautiful and iconic artifact that provides a window into the rich history and complex cosmology of the Aztec civilization.
It is believed that this stone disk with a diameter of about 3.6 meters and a weight of about 24 tons was carved between 1250 and 1521 AD. Although there is no exact confirmation regarding the exact year of its creation and authorship. While the sunstone is often referred to as a calendar, the sunstone is more than just a time keeping device; this is the deepest reflection of the Aztec worldview, a combination of art, religion and astronomy in one masterpiece.
The Aztec Sun Stone is a testament to the artistic prowess of the Aztec civilization. It is made of hardened volcanic rock, and its surface is covered with intricate carvings.
The stone is circular in shape with several concentric rings, each filled with complex symbols and representations of the heavenly and earthly elements. It is assumed that in its center is the face of the sun god Tonatiuh, surrounded by four squares, each of which depicts the previous era of creation and destruction, according to Aztec cosmology.
The carvings are highly detailed and show the Aztec commitment to high precision. The complexity of the design highlights the importance of aesthetics in Aztec culture, with each element serving the purpose of conveying their understanding of the cosmos.
The detailed stone carvings depict celestial elements such as stars, planets, and cosmic symbols, demonstrating the Aztecs' deep interest in astronomy. Their ability to accurately depict astronomical phenomena demonstrates a deep knowledge of the cosmos and their place in it.
After the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, the stone was buried underground, where it remained closed until December 17, 1790, when it was found in Zocalo Square in the center of Mexico, in the same year and almost in the same place as the Coatlicue statue. The first researcher of the stone was the scientist Antonio de León y Gamma, who is considered the father of Mexican archeology. Now this artifact is in the National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico.
The Aztec Sunstone is more than just an old calendar; it is a masterpiece of art, religion and astronomy that provides a unique perspective on the worldview of one of the most interesting civilizations in history. Through intricate carvings and symbolism, this colossal stone disc tells the story of the Aztec creation myth, their complex calendar systems, and their respect for the cosmos.
Source: mna.inah.gob.mx
