In the realm of traditional Japanese fighting skills, tsuba, also known as an analogue of the guard, occupies an important and respected place. While swords are known for their lethal capabilities, tsuba play a crucial role not only in protecting their wielders, but also embody the exquisite art and cultural symbolism of Japan.
The main function of the tsuba is to protect the hand during combat. It is a round or sometimes square metal part that is fixed between the handle and the blade of the sword. When a warrior wields a katana or any other traditional Japanese sword, the tsuba serves as a protective barrier against the opponent's blade, preventing the hand from sliding onto the sharp edge.
In addition to its protective function, it became a canvas for artistic expression and cultural symbolism. The drawings often had a deeper meaning, reflecting the beliefs, ideals and philosophies of the fighters. Cherry blossoms symbolized the transitory nature of life, dragons represented might and power, and waves symbolized the ebb and flow of existence.
The tsuba also served as a status symbol, demonstrating the owner's wealth and taste. Japanese warriors of higher rank and nobility often had tsuba decorated with precious metals such as gold and silver, sometimes inlaid with precious stones. Meanwhile, lower-ranking warriors had more modestly decorated tsubas, but they were still made with the same dedication to quality.
This element of the weapon was traditionally made from different materials, each of which had unique properties and aesthetics. Iron, copper, brass, and sometimes gold and silver were used because of their strength and ductility. Complex drawings were created using such techniques as carving, inlaying and superimposition. The process was painstaking, often requiring patience and skill.
Tsuba embodies a harmonious union of functionality, respect for tradition and beauty. As we marvel at the intricate beauty of these objects, we should not forget the important role they played in protecting and preserving the lives of warriors.
Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art
